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B/L |
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See
Bill of Lading |
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BC Code |
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Safe working practice code for solid bulk cargo. |
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BSI Container
Specification |
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British Standards Institution Specification for freight
containers. |
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Back Haul |
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The return movement of a means of transport which has provided
a transport service in one direction. |
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Back Letter |
Back letters are drawn up in
addition to a contract in order to lay down rights and/or
obligations between both contracting parties, which, for some
reason cannot be included in the original contract.
This expression is sometimes used for letters of indemnity,
which are drawn up if the condition of the goods loaded gives
rise to remarks and, nevertheless, the shipper insists upon
receiving clean Bills of Lading. Letters of indemnity are only
allowed in very exceptional circumstances. |
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Back Order |
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A
customer order or commitment, which is unfilled due to
insufficient stock. |
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Back Scheduling |
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A
method of obtaining a production schedule by working backwards
from the required due date in order to predict the latest
start date consistent with meeting that due date. |
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Backlog |
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1. The quantity of goods still
to be delivered, received, produced, issued, etc., for which
the planned or agreed date has expired.
2. The total number of
customer orders which have been received but not yet been
shipped. |
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Balespace |
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The balespace of a vessel is the capacity of cargo spaces
under deck (including hatchways but excluding void spaces
behind cargo battens and beams) expressed in cubic meters or
cubic feet. |
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Ballast |
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Materials solely carried to improve the trim and the stability
of the vessel. In vessels usually water is carried as ballast
in tanks, specially designed for that purpose. |
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Bank Guarantee |
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An
undertaking by a bank to be answerable for payment of a sum of
money in the event of non performance by the party on whose
behalf the guarantee is issued. |
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Banking System |
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For marine purposes the practice of always keeping more than
one piece of cargo on the quay or in the vessel ready for
loading or discharging in order to avoid delays and to obtain
optimal use of the loading gear. |
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Baplie |
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An
EDI message to convey the Bayplan on occupied and empty slots
in a certain vessel at a particular time. |
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Bar Coding |
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A
method of encoding data for fast and accurate electronic
readability. Bar codes are a series of alternating bars and
spaces printed or stamped on products, labels, or other media,
representing encoded information which can be read by
electronic readers, used to facilitate timely and accurate
input of data to a computer system. Bar codes represent
letters and/or numbers and special characters like +, /, -,
etc. |
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Bare Boat Charter |
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A
charter whereby the charterer leases the bare ship and
appoints the master and crew himself. |
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Barge |
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Flat bottomed inland cargo vessel for canals and rivers with
or without own propulsion for the purpose of transporting
goods. |
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Bars |
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Special devices mounted on container doors to provide a
watertight locking. |
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Base |
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Home depot of container or trailer. |
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Basic Stock |
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Items of an inventory intended for issue against demand during
the re-supply lead time. |
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Batch |
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A
collection of products or data which is treated as one entity
with respect to certain operations e.g. processing and
production. |
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Batch Lot |
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A
definite quantity of some product manufactured or produced
under conditions which are presumed uniform and for production
control purposes passing as a unit through the same series of
operations. |
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Batch Production |
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The production process where products/components are produced
in batches and where each separate batch consists of a number
of the same products/components. |
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Battens |
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Members protruding from the inside walls of a vessel's hold or
a (thermal) container to keep away the cargo from the walls to
provide an air passage. They may be integral with the walls,
fastened to the walls or added during cargo handling. |
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Bay |
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A
vertical division of a vessel from stem to stern, used as a
part of the indication of a stowage place for containers. The
numbers run from stem to stern; odd numbers indicate a 20 foot
position, even numbers indicate a 40 foot position. |
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Bay Plan |
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A
stowage plan which shows the locations of all the containers
on the vessel. |
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Beh?ertragwagen |
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Abbreviation: B.T. Wagen |
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A
container wagon of the German Railways. |
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Benchmarking |
The measurement and comparison
with a standard or others of efforts and results in the
business process for e.g. input, output, reliability, quality
and customer satisfaction.
Note: For P&O Nedlloyd it is the comparative
search for the best practices (processes) that will lead to
superior performance of the company.
It must be seen as a positive and pro-active process to make
the company's operations lean and improve quality and
productivity. |
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Bending-moment |
Is the result of vertical
forces acting on a ship as a result of local differences
between weight and buoyancy.
The total of these forces should be zero, otherwise change of
draft will occur.
At sea the bending moment will change as a result of wave
impact which than periodically changes the buoyancy
distribution.
Note: The maximum allowed bending moment of a
vessel is restricted by the class bureau to certain limits,
which are different under port and sea conditions. |
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Berne Gauge |
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The most restrictive loading gauge (standard measure) or the
lowest common denominator of loading gauges on the railways of
continental Europe. |
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Berth |
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A
location in a port where a vessel can be moored often
indicated by a code or name. |
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Best Practice |
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The provision to a client of examples and constructive
consultation for improved logistics processes in the delivery
of goods and services. |
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Bilateral Transport
Agreement |
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Agreement between two nations concerning their transport
relations. |
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Bill of Exchange |
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An
unconditional order in writing to pay a certain sum of money
to a named person. |
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Bill of Health |
The Bill of Health is the
certificate issued by local medical authorities indicating the
general health conditions in the port of departure or in the
ports of call. The Bill of Health must have been visaed before
departure by the Consul of the country of destination.
When a vessel has free pratique, this means that the vessel
has a clean Bill of Health certifying that there is no
question of contagious disease and that all quarantine
regulations have been complied with, so that people may embark
and disembark. |
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Bill of Lading |
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Abbreviation: B/L, plural Bs/L |
A document which evidences a
contract of carriage by sea.
The document has the following functions:
1. A receipt for goods,
signed by a duly authorised person on behalf of the carriers.
2. A document of title to
the goods described therein.
3. Evidence of the terms and
conditions of carriage agreed upon between the two parties.
At the moment 3 different models are used:
1. A document for either
Combined Transport or Port to Port shipments depending whether
the relevant spaces for place of receipt and/or place of
delivery are indicated on the face of the document.
2. A classic marine Bill of
Lading in which the carrier is also responsible for the part
of the transport actually performed by himself.
3. Sea Waybill: A
non-negotiable document, which can only be made out to a named
consignee. No surrender of the document by the consignee is
required. |
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See also:
Service Bill |
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Bill of Lading Clause |
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A
particular article, stipulation or single proviso in a Bill of
Lading. A clause can be standard and can be pre-printed on the
B/L. |
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Bill of Material |
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A
list of all parts, sub-assemblies and raw materials that
constitute a particular assembly, showing the quantity of each
required item. |
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Bimodal Trailer |
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1. A road semi-trailer with
retractable running gear to allow mounting on a pair of rail
boogies.
2. A trailer which is able
to carry different types of standardised unit loads, (e.g. a
chassis which is appropriate for the carriage of one FEU or
two TEU's). |
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Binnacle |
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Support mounted on the bridge deck to hold the compass. |
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Block Train |
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A
number of railway wagons (loaded with containers), departing
from a certain place and running straight to a place of
destination, without marshalling, transhipping or any coupling
or de-coupling of wagons. |
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Boat |
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A
small open decked craft carried on board ships for a specific
purpose e.g. lifeboat, workboat. |
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Boatman |
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Person who attends to the mooring and unmooring of vessels. |
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Bollard |
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Post, fixed to a quay or a vessel, for securing mooring ropes. |
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Bolster |
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See
Container Bolster |
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Bona Fide |
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In
good faith; without dishonesty, fraud or deceit. |
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Bonded |
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The storage of certain goods
under charge of customs viz. customs seal until the import
duties are paid or until the goods are taken out of the
country.
1. Bonded warehouse (place
where goods can be placed under bond).
2. Bonded store (place on a
vessel where goods are placed behind seal until the time that
the vessel leaves the port or country again).
3. Bonded goods (dutiable
goods upon which duties have not been paid i.e. goods in
transit or warehoused pending customs clearance).
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Booking |
- The offering by a shipper of cargo for transport and the
acceptance of the offering by the carrier or his agent.
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Booking Reference Number |
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The number assigned to a certain booking by the carrier or his
agent. |
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Bordereau |
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Document used in road transport, listing the cargo carried on
a road vehicle, often referring to appended copies of the road
consignment note. |
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Bottleneck |
A stage in a process which
limits performance.
Note: Generally this is interpreted as a facility,
function, department etc. that impedes performance, for
example a warehouse or distribution centre where goods arrive
at a faster rate than they can be transported or stored, thus
causing stock-piling at improper moments or in unwanted areas. |
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Bottom Fittings |
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Special conical shaped devices inserted between a container
and the permanent floor on the deck of a vessel in order to
avoid shifting of the container during the voyage of this
vessel. |
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Bottom Lift |
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Handling of containers with equipment attached to the four
bottom corner fittings (castings). |
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Bottomry |
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Money borrowed against a ship, or its equipment, repaid with
interest upon the ship?s arrival at port, and forfeited should
the ship sink |
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Bow-truster |
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Machine located towards the forward end of a ship below the
waterline, which can produce a lateral trust mostly by means
of a propeller. |
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Box |
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Colloquial name for container (e.g. Box-club) |
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Box Pallet |
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Pallet with at least three fixed, removable or collapsible,
vertical sides. |
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Branch Warehouse |
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See
Distribution Centre |
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Break Bulk |
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1. To commence discharge.
2. To strip unitised cargo.
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Break Bulk Cargo |
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General cargo conventionally stowed as opposed to unitised,
containerised and Roll On-Roll Off cargo. |
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Break-even Weight |
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The weight at which it is cheaper to charge the lower rate for
the next higher weight-break multiplied by the minimum weight
indicated, than to charge the higher rate for the actual
weight of the shipment. |
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Breakwater |
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A
structure on board a ship, fixed to an open deck forward
intended to deflect and disperse head seas shipped over the
bow. |
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Broken Stowage |
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The cargo space which is unavoidably lost when stowing cargo.
The percentage of wasted space depends upon e.g. the kind of
cargo, the packing and the used spaces. |
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Broker |
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Person who acts as an agent or intermediary in negotiating
contracts. |
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Brussels Tariff
Nomenclature |
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The old Customs Co-operation Council Nomenclature for the
classification of goods. Now replaced by the Harmonised
System. |
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Buffer Stock |
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A
quantity of goods or articles kept in store to safeguard
against unforeseen shortages or demands. |
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Bulk Cargo |
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Unpacked homogeneous cargo poured loose in a certain space of
a vessel or container e.g. oil and grain. |
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Bulk Carrier |
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Single deck vessel designed to carry homogeneous unpacked dry
cargoes such as grain, iron ore and coal. |
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Bulk Container |
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A
container designed for the carriage of free-flowing dry
cargoes, which are loaded through hatchways in the roof of the
container and discharged through hatchways at one end of the
container. |
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Bulkhead |
1. Upright partition dividing
compartments on board a vessel. The functions of bulkheads
are:
- To increase the safety of
a vessel by dividing it into compartments.
- To separate the engine
room from the cargo holds.
- To increase the
transverse strength of a vessel.
- To reduce the risk of
spreading fire to other compartments.
2. A vertically mounted
board to provide front wall protection against shifting cargo
and commonly seen on platform trailers (road cargo).
3. A partition in a
container, providing a plenum chamber and/or air passage for
either return or supply air. It may be an integral part of the
appliance or a separate construction.
4. A vertically mounted wall
separating the fore respectively aft compartment from the rest
of the aircraft (air cargo). |
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Bull Rings |
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Rings for lashing the cargo in containers. |
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Bulletin |
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Specialised reports for specific activity related events. |
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Bunker |
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(Tank) spaces on board a vessel to store fuel. |
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Bunker Adjustment Factor |
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Abbreviation: BAF |
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Adjustment applied by P&O Nedlloyd or liner conferences to
offset the effect of fluctuations in the cost of bunkers. |
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Bunkers |
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Quantity of fuel on board a vessel. |
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Buoyancy |
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The upward force extended by the vertical component of
integrated pressure acting on the hull below the waterline;
usually calculated as being equal to the weight of the water
displaced by the hull. |
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Bureau Veritas |
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French classification society. |
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Business Analyses |
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The process of investigating and evaluating an organisation to
clarify processes and procedures. |
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Business Data
Repository (BDR) |
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The accumulation of business data taken from a system to reuse
this data in other systems. |
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Business Function |
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An
upper level business activity that is achieved via the
performance of component activities. Examples: Manufacturing,
Shipping |
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Business Logistics |
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1. Logistics within a business
system.
2. The co-ordinating
function of material management and physical distribution,
which executes the integral control of the goods flow.
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Business Process |
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A
business process is the action taken to respond to particular
events, convert inputs into outputs, and produce particular
results. Business processes are what the enterprise must do to
conduct its business successfully. |
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Business Process Model |
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The business process model provides a breakdown (process
decomposition) of all levels of business processes within the
scope of a business area. It also shows process dynamics,
lower-level process interrelationships. In Summary it includes
all diagrams related to a process definition that allows for
understanding what the business process is doing (and not
how). |
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Business Process
Redesign (BPR) |
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The process of redesigning business practice models including
the exchange of data and services amongst the stakeholders
(i.e. finance, merchandising, production, distribution)
involved in the lifecycle of a client?s product. |
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Business Rule |
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A
Business Rule is a business condition under which data items
are created, related and maintained. |
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Buyer |
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Party to which merchandise is sold. |
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Buyer's Market |
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A
'buyer's market' is considered to exist when goods can easily
be secured and when the economic forces of business tend to
cause goods to be priced at the purchaser's estimate of value.
In other words, a state of trade favourable to the buyer, with
relatively large supply and low prices. |
