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SITPRO |
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National organisation for the Simplification of International
Trade Procedures in the United Kingdom (e.g. in The
Netherlands SITPRO is called 'Sitproneth', in France
'Simprofrance' and in Japan 'Jastpro'). |
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Safe Working Load |
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Abbreviation: SWL |
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The maximum load any lifting appliance may handle. |
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Safety Stock |
1. In general, a quantity of
stock planned to be in inventory to protect against
fluctuations in demand and/or supply.
2. In the context of master production scheduling, safety
stock can refer to additional inventory and/or capacity
planned as protection against forecast errors and/or short
terms changes in the backlog. Also referred to as
'overplanning' or a 'market hedge'. |
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Said to Contain
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Abbreviation: STC |
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Term in a Bill of Lading signifying that the master and the
carrier are unaware of the nature or quantity of the contents
of e.g. a carton, crate, container or bundle and are relying
on the description furnished by the shipper. |
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Salvage |
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The saving or rescue of a vessel and/or the cargo from loss
and/or damage at sea. |
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Scale Ton |
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Freighting measurement used in certain trades for various
commodities. |
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Scenario |
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A
formal specification of a group of business activities that
may take place between parties to achieve a particular
objective. |
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Schedule |
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A
timetable including arrival/departure times of ocean- and
feeder vessels and also inland transportation. It refers to
named ports in a specific voyage (journey) within a certain
trade indicating the voyage number(s). In general: The plan of
times for starting and/or finishing activities. |
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Seal |
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A
device used for containers, lockers, trucks or lorries to
proof relevant parties that they have remained closed during
transport. |
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Seal Log |
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A
document used to record seal numbers. |
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Seasonal Inventory |
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Inventory built up in anticipation of a seasonal peak of
demand in order to smooth production. |
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Seaworthiness |
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Fitness of a vessel to travel in open sea mostly related to a
particular voyage with a particular cargo. |
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Sectional Rate |
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The rate established by scheduled air carrier(s) for a section
of a through route (air cargo). |
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Segregation |
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Distance required by the rules of IMDG or BC codes between the
various commodities of dangerous and or bulk cargoes. |
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Seller |
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Party selling merchandise to a buyer. |
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Seller's Market |
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A
'seller's market' is considered to exist when goods cannot
easily be secured and when the economic forces of business
tend to be priced at the vendor's estimate of value. In other
words, a state of trade favourable to the seller, with
relatively great demand and high prices of something for sale. |
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Semi Trailer |
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A
vehicle without motive power and with one or more axles
designed to be drawn by a truck tractor and constructed in
such way that a portion of its weight and that of its load
rest upon e.g. the fifth wheel of the towing vehicle. |
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Sender |
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See
Shipper |
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Sequenced Delivery |
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The synchronised delivery of trucks to co-ordinate with
production schedules or local delivery vehicles. |
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Service Based Pricing |
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Pricing structured to service packages provided, related to
activity based costing including bought in costs. |
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Service Bill |
A service Bill (of Lading) is a
contract of carriage issued by one carrier to another for
documentary and internal control purposes (e.g. in case P&O
Nedlloyd cargo is carried on a non P&O Nedlloyd vessel.)
For internal documentary and control purposes a so-called
participating agent in a consortium uses some kind of document
which, depending on the trade, is referred to as 'Memo Bill'
which will among others state:
- Name of Carrier on whose
behalf the original document (Way Bill, Bill of Lading,
etc.) was issued.
- The original document
number. The agent who issued the original document and his
opponent at the discharging side.
- The number of packages,
weight and measurement, marks and numbers and goods
description.
- Further mandatory details
in case of special cargo.
No freight details will be
mentioned and the Memo Bill is not a contract of carriage.
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See
Bill of Lading |
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Service Level |
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A
measure for the extent to which the customer orders can be
executed at delivery conditions normally accepted in the
market. |
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Service Level Agreement
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Abbreviation: SLA |
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An
arrangement between a service provider and an organisation
specifying details about the services to be provided. |
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Setting/Air
Delivery Temperature |
An indication in the documents
(B/L) stating the air supply temperature to the container.
Note: No other details than this temperature shall
be included in the Bill of Lading. |
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Settlement Office |
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The institution to issue billing to and receive remittances
from agents and to distribute the monies to CASS airlines,
Billing Participants and Part Participants (air cargo). |
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Shed |
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See
Warehouse |
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Shelf Life |
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The specified length of time prior to use for which items
which are inherently subject to deterioration are deemed to
remain fit for use under prescribed conditions. |
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Shift |
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Part of the work-program of a stevedoring company (a working
day can have up to 3 shifts (24 hours)). |
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Ship |
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See
Vessel |
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Ship Broker |
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Acts as intermediary between shipowners or carriers by sea on
the one hand and cargo interests on the other. The functions
are to act as forwarding agent or custom broker, fixing of
charters, and acting as chartering agent. |
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Ship Operator |
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A
ship operator is either the shipowner or the (legal) person
responsible for the actual management of the vessel and its
crew. |
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Ship's Protest |
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Statement of the master of a vessel before (in the presence
of) competent authorities, concerning exceptional events which
occurred during a voyage. |
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Shipment |
A separately identifiable
collection of goods to be carried.
Note: In the United States of America the word
shipment is used instead of the word consignment. |
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See
Consignment |
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Shipowner |
The (legal) person officially
registered as such in the certificate of registry where the
following particulars are contained:
- Name of vessel and port
of registry.
- Details contained in
surveyors certificate.
- The particulars
respecting the origin stated in the declaration of
ownership.
- The name and description
of the registered owner, if more than one owner the
proportionate share of each.
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Shipper |
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The merchant (person) by whom, in whose name or on whose
behalf a contract of carriage of goods has been concluded with
a carrier or any party by whom, in whose name or on whose
behalf the goods are actually delivered to the carrier in
relation to the contract of carriage. |
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Shipper's Export
Declaration |
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Abbreviation: SED |
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A
United States customs form to be completed for all exports to
assist the government in compiling export statistics. |
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Shipper's Letter of
Instruction |
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Abbreviation: SLI |
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A
document containing instructions given by the shipper or the
shipper's agent for preparing documents and forwarding (air
cargo). |
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Shipping Note |
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Document provided by the shipper or his agent to the carrier,
multimodal transport operator, terminal or other receiving
authority, giving information about export consignments
offered for transport, and providing for the necessary
receipts and declarations of liability. |
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Shipping Documents |
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Documents required for the carriage of goods. |
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Shipping Instruction
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Document advising details of cargo and exporter's requirements
of its physical movement. |
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Shipping Label |
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A
label attached to a P&O Nedlloyd unit, containing certain
data. |
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Shipping Marks |
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The identification shown on individual packages in order to
help in moving it without delay or confusion to its final
destination and to enable the checking of cargo against
documents. |
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Shortage |
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The negative difference between actual available or delivered
quantity and the required quantity. |
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Shrink Wrapping |
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Heat treatment that shrinks an envelope of polyethylene or
similar substance around several units, thus forming one unit.
It is used e.g. to secure packages on a pallet. |
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Shuttle Service |
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The carriage back and forth over an often short route between
two points. |
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Siding |
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A
short railroad track connected with a main track by a switch
to serve a warehouse or an industrial area. |
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Simplification |
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The limiting of formalities, procedures, documents,
information, and operations to the minimum essential
requirements, steps, data and tasks acceptable by all parties
concerned. |
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Simplification Toolkit |
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Collection of tools to enable simplified implementations of
structured electronic commerce techniques such as, electronic
data interchange, electronic funds transfer, automatic data
capture, bar-code technology and unique
goods/product/service/party identification schemes. |
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Simulation |
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The imitation of the reality for studying the effect of
changing parameters in a model as a means of preparing a
decision. |
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Single
Administrative Document |
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Abbreviation: SAD |
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A
set of documents, replacing the various (national) forms for
customs declaration within European Community, implemented on
January 1st, 1988. The introduction of the SAD constitutes an
intermediate stage in the abolition of all administrative
documentation in intra European Community trade in goods
between member states. |
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Skeleton Trailer
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Road trailer consisting of a frame and wheels specially
designed to carry containers. |
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See
Chassis |
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Skids |
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Battens fitted underneath frames, boxes or packages to raise
them off the floor and allow easy access for fork lift trucks,
slings or other handling equipment. |
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Sliding Tandem |
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An
undercarriage with a subframe having provision for convenient
fore and aft adjustment of its position on the
chassis/semi-trailer. The purpose being to be able to shift
part of the load to either the king pin or the suspension to
maximise legally permitted axle loads (road cargo). |
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Sling |
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Special chain, wire rope, synthetic fibre strap or ropes used
for cargo handling purposes. |
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Slip Sheeting |
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Hard plastic sheeting used to stack cartons, optimising
container space. |
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Slot |
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The space on board a vessel, required by one TEU, mainly used
for administrative purposes. |
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Slot Charter |
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A
voyage charter whereby the shipowner agrees to place a certain
number of container slots (TEU and/or FEU) at the charterer's
disposal. |
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Snake Loading |
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Loading products into a container in the sequence with which
the goods will be unloaded and stored in at destination. |
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Sourcing |
1. The management on purpose of
the various origins of products or materials on behalf of the
recipient of these products or materials. In some industries
sourcing is seen as the change from push to pull delivery for
a number of fast moving items.
2. Within P&O Nedlloyd sourcing is specially dedicated to the
retail industry acting as an intermediary between suppliers
and the market with an integrated service for e.g.
supermarkets or large department stores. |
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Space Charter |
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A
voyage charter whereby the shipowner agrees to place part of
the vessels capacity at the charterers disposal. |
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Special Drawing Rights |
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Abbreviation: SDR |
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Unit of account from the International Monetary Fund (IMF),
i.a. used to express the amount of the limitations of a
carrier's liability. |
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Special Rate |
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A
rate other than a normal rate. |
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Specific Commodity Rate |
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Abbreviation: SCR |
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A
rate applicable to carriage of specifically designated
commodities. |
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Split Shipment |
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In
case of indirect delivery through consolidation and if split
shipment conditions occur then each split part of the shipment
will be delivered in a different consignment but all
consignments identified by the same unique original shipment
id. |
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Spoke |
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The stretch between a hub and one of the group of consignees
and/or consignors being served by the hub. |
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Spontaneous
Ignition Temperature |
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The lowest temperature at which a substance will start burning
spontaneously without an external source of ignition. |
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Spreader |
1. Device used for lifting
containers and unitised cargo.
2. Beam or frame that holds the slings vertical when hoisting
a load, to prevent damage to cargo. |
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Spring |
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Mooring rope rigged from the forward or aft to a quayside
bollard amidships to prevent the ship from surging forward or
aft when alongside. |
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Stability |
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The capacity of a vessel to return to its original position
after having been displaced by external forces. The stability
of a vessel depends on the meta-centric height. |
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Stack |
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An
identifiable amount of containers stowed in a orderly way in
one specified place on an (ocean) terminal, container freight
station, container yard or depot. |
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See also:
Container Stack |
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Stacking |
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To
pile boxes, bags, containers etc. on top of each other. |
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Stackweight |
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The total weight of the containers and cargo in a certain row. |
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Standard Costs |
A carefully prepared estimate
of the cost of performing a given operation under specified
conditions.
In P&O Nedlloyd standard costs are determined for operations
called 'standard Work Orders'.
Note: A standard work order describes a standard
operation for which a standard cost is to be established. |
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Standard
Industrial Classification |
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Abbreviation: SIC |
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A
method, used in the United States, to categorise companies
into different industrial groupings. |
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Standard Product Module
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Abbreviation: SPM |
The building blocks used by
business management to define services (shipment products)
which can be offered to customers. They describe a more or
less isolated set of activities with a standard cost attached
to it. For operations management each module defines a
combination of standard operations that needs to be carried
out for a customer.
Note: SPM's can be regarded as the interface
between business and operations management. |
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Standardisation |
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The development of agreements whose purpose is to align
formalities, procedures, documents, information, and
operations. At a national level, this would be alignment with
acceptable commercial norms and practices, at an international
level it would alignment with identified "best" and/or most
accepted practices. |
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Starboard |
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Right side of a vessel when facing towards the front or
forward end. |
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State of Origin |
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The state in the territory in which the cargo was first
loaded. |
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Steering of Containers |
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The function, with the aid of specific software for tracking
and forecasting, to direct empty containers to demanding areas
at minimum costs. |
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Stem |
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The foremost part of a vessel. |
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Stern |
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The aftermost part of a vessel. |
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Stevedore |
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A
party running a business of which the functions are loading,
stowing and discharging vessels. |
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Stock |
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The materials in a supply chain or in a segment of a supply
chain, expressed in quantities, locations and or values. UK. |
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Stock Control |
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The systematic administration of stock levels with respect to
quantity at all times. |
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Stock Keeping Unit |
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The description of the unit of measurement by which the stock
items are recorded on the stock record. |
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Stock Locator System |
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A
system in which all places within a warehouse are named or
numbered. |
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Stock Point |
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A
point in the supply chain meant to keep materials available. |
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Stock Record |
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A
record of the quantity of stock of a single item, often
containing a history of recent transactions and information
for controlling the replenishment of stock. |
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Storage |
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The activity of placing goods into a store or the state of
being in store (e.g. a warehouse). |
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Storage Charge |
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The fee for keeping goods in a warehouse. |
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Stores |
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Provisions and supplies on board required for running a
vessel. |
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Stowage |
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The placing and securing of cargo or containers on board a
vessel or an aircraft or of cargo in a container. |
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Stowage Factor |
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Ratio of a cargo's cubic measurement to its weight, expressed
in cubic feet to the ton or cubic metres to the tonne, used in
order to determine the total quantity of cargo which can be
loaded in a certain space. |
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Stowage Instructions |
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Imperative details about the way certain cargo is to be
stowed, given by the shipper or his agent. |
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Stowage Plan |
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A
plan indicating the locations on the vessel of all the
consignments for the benefit of stevedores and vessel's
officers. |
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Stowaway |
An unwanted person who hides on
board of a vessel or an aircraft to get free passage, to evade
port officials.
IMO definition: A person who is secreted on a ship or in cargo
which is subsequently loaded on the ship, without the consent
of the shipowner or the master or any other responsible person
who is detected on board after the ship has departed from a
port and reported as a stowaway by the master. |
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Straddle Carrier |
|
Wheeled vehicle designed to lift and carry P&O Nedlloyd
containers within its own framework. It is used for moving,
and sometimes stacking, P&O Nedlloyd containers at a container
terminal. |
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Straddle Crane |
|
A
crane usually running on rails and spanning an open area such
as rail-tracks or roadways. |
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Strap |
|
A
band of metal, plastic or other flexible material used to hold
cargo or cases together. |
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Stretch |
1. Part of the total transport
chain (trade route) including overland transport identified by
place of receipt, ports of call and place of delivery i.e. it
has one location or an address as a starting and or ending
point.
2. The leg between two points. |
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Stripping |
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The unloading of cargo out of a container. |
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Stuffing |
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The loading of cargo into a container. |
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Suboptimizing |
|
Striving for optimum performance in one element of an
organisation disregarding the effects this may cause to the
performance of the other elements. In other words, a solution
for a problem that is best from a narrow point of view but not
from a higher or overall company point of view. |
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Substretch |
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Part of a stretch. This term is used if it is necessary to
distinguish between a stretch and a part thereof. |
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Supercargo |
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Experienced person (officer) assigned by the charterer of a
vessel to advise the management of the vessel and protect the
interests of the charterer. |
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Supply Chain |
A sequence of events in a goods
flow which adds to the value of a specific good. These events
may include:
- conversion
- assembling and/or
disassembling
- movements and placements
|
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Supply Chain Definition |
|
A
sequence of events, which may include conversion, movement or
placement, which adds value to goods, products, or services. |
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Supply Vessel |
|
Vessel which carries stock and stores to offshore drilling
rigs, platforms. |
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Surcharge |
|
An
additional charge added to the usual or customary freight. |
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Survey |
|
An
inspection of a certain item or object by a recognised
specialist. |
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Surveyor |
A specialist who carries out
surveys.
Note: A surveyor is often representing a
classification bureau or a governmental body. |
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Swop Body |
Separate unit without wheels to
carry cargo via road sometimes equipped with legs to be used
to carry cargo intermodal within Europe.
The advantage being that this unit can be left behind to load
or discharge whilst the driver with the truck/chassis can
change to another unit.
These units are not used for sea transport. |
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Synergy |
|
The simultaneous joint action of separate parties, which,
together, have greater total effect than the sum of their
individual effects. |
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System |
|
A
whole body of connected elements, which influence each other
and have specific relations with the environment. |
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