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Dangerous Goods:
Articles
or substances capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, or
property, and that ordinarily require special attention when transported. See
also Hazardous Goods.
decentralized
authority:
A situation in which a company management gives decision-making authority
to managers at many organizational levels.
Decision Support System (DSS):
A set of
computer oriented tools designed to assist managers in making
decisions.
Declaration of Dangerous
Goods:
To comply with the U.S. regulations, exporters are
required to provide special notices to inland and ocean transport companies when
goods are hazardous.
Declared Value for
Carriage:
The value of the goods, declared by the shipper on a
bill of lading, for the purpose of determining a freight rate or the limit of
the carrier's liability.
Deconsolidator:
An enterprise that provides
services to un-group shipments, orders, goods, etc., to facilitate
distribution.
Defective
goods inventory (DGI):
Those items that have been returned, have been delivered
damaged and have a freight claim outstanding, or have been damaged in some way
during warehouse handling.
Delivery
Appointment:
The time agreed upon between two enterprises for goods or
transportation equipment to arrive at a selected location.
Delivery Instructions:
A
document issued to a carrier to pick up goods at a location and deliver them to
another location. See also Delivery Order.
Delivery
Order:
A document issued by the customs broker to the ocean
carrier as authority to release the cargo to the appropriate party.
Delta Nu
Alpha:
A professional association of transportation and traffic
practitioners.
Demurrage:
The penalty for
exceeding free time allowed for loading/unloading under the terms of the
agreement with the carrier. Demurrage is the term used in the rail and ocean
industry; detention is used in the motor industry.
Density:
A physical characteristic measuring a commodity's mass per
unit volume or pounds per cubic foot; an important factor in ratemaking, since
density affects the utilization of a carrier's vehicle.
Density
rate:
A rate based upon the density and shipment weight.
Deregulation:
Revisions or complete elimination of economic regulations
controlling transportation. The Motor Carrier Act of 1980 and the Staggers Act
of 1980 revised the economic controls over motor carriers and railroads, and the
Airline
Deregulation Act of 1978
eliminated economic controls over air carriers.
Derived
demand:
The demand for a product's transportation is derived from the product's
demand at some location.
Destination:
The location
designated as a receipt point for goods/shipment.
Detention:
The penalty for
exceeding free time allowed for loading/unloading under the terms of the
agreement with the carrier. Detention is the term used in the motor industry;
demurrage is used in the rail and ocean industry.
Devanning:
The unloading
of cargo from a container or other piece of equipment. See Stripping.
DFZ:
See Duty Free Zone.
Differential:
A discount offered by a carrier that faces a service time
disadvantage over a route.
Direct
product profitability (DPP):
Calculation of the net profit
contribution attributable to a specific product or product line.
Direct store
delivery (DSD):
A logistics strategy to improve services and lower
warehouse inventories.
DISA:
Data Interchange
Standards Association.
Discharge Port:
The name
of the port where the cargo is unloaded from the export vessel. This is the port
reported to the U.S. Census on the Shipper's Export Declaration, Schedule K,
which is used by U.S. companies when exporting. This can also be considered the
first discharge port.
Dispatching:
The carrier activities involved with controlling equipment;
involves arranging for fuel, drivers, crews, equipment, and terminal
space.
Distribution:
The physical
path and legal title that goods and services take between production and
consumption.
Distribution Channel:
The
route by which a company distributes goods.
Distribution Channel
Management:
The organizational and pipeline strategy for getting
products to customers. Direct channels involve company sales forces, facilities,
and/or direct shipments to customers; indirect channels involve the use of
wholesalers, distributors, and/or other parties to supply the products to
customers. Many companies use both strategies, depending on markets and
effectiveness.
Distribution
resource planning (DRP):
A computer
system that uses MRP
techniques to manage the entire distribution network and to link it with
manufacturing planning and control.
Distribution
warehouse:
A finished goods warehouse from which a company assembles customer
orders.
Distributor:
An enterprise
that offers services to buy and sell goods on their own account.
Diversion:
The process of
changing the destination and/or the consignee while the shipment is enroute.
Dock Receipt:
A document
used to accept materials or equipment at an ocean pier or accepted location.
Provides the ocean carrier with verification of receipt and the delivering
carrier with proof of delivery.
Documentation:
The papers
attached or pertaining to goods requiring transportation and/or transfer of
ownership.
Domestic
trunk line carrier:
A classification for air carriers that operate between
major population centers. These carriers are now classified as major
carriers.
Door to Door:
The
through-transport of goods from consignor to consignee.
Door to
Port:
The through transport service from consignor to port of importation.
Double
bottoms:
A motor carrier operation that involves one tractor pulling two
trailers.
Double-pallet
jack:
A mechanized device for transporting two standard pallets
simultaneously.
Download:
To merge temporary files containing a day's or week's worth
of information with the main data base in order to update it.
Drawback:
See Duty Drawback.
Drayage:
The service
offered by a motor carrier for pick-up and delivery of ocean containers or rail
containers. Drayage agents usually handle full-load containers for ocean and
rail carriers.
Driving time
regulations:
U.S. Department of Transportation rules that limit the
maximum time a driver may drive in interstate commerce; the rules prescribe both
daily and weekly maximums.
Drop:
A situation in which an equipment operator deposits a
trailer or boxcar at a facility at which it is to be loaded or
unloaded.
Drop Shipment:
A request
for the goods to go to the retailer directly from the manufacturer when the
invoice comes from another party in the transaction, typically the distributor
from whom the retailer would normally receive the goods.
DRP:
See Distribution Requirements
Planning
DSS:
See Decision
Support System
Dual
operation:
A motor carrier that has both common and contract carrier operating
authority.
Dual rate
system:
An international water carrier pricing system in which a shipper signing
an exclusive use agreement with the conference pays a rate 10 to 15 percent
lower than nonsigning shippers do for an identical shipment.
Dumping:
When a product is
sold below cost in a foreign market and/or when a product is sold at a lower
price in the foreign market than in a domestic market, with the intention of
driving out competition in the foreign market.
DUNS Number:
A coded,
numerical representation assigned to a specific company (USA).
Duty:
A
tax imposed by a government on merchandise imported from another country.
Duty
Drawback:
A refund of duty paid on imported merchandise when
it is exported later, whether in the same or a different form.
Duty Free
Zone (DFZ):
An area where goods or cargo can be stored
without paying import customs duties while awaiting manufacturing or future
transport.
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Logistic terms
