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safety
stock :
The inventory
a company holds beyond normal needs as a buffer against delays in receipt of
orders or changes in customer buying patterns.
Sales
Order:
See
Customer
Order.
salvage
material:
Unused material that has a market value and can be sold.
Schedule Information:
Data
concerning the service provided by an enterprise.
scrap
material:
Unusable material that has no market value.
Seal Number:
The
identifier assigned to the tag used to secure or mark the locking mechanism on
closed containers.
Seller:
An enterprise that
arranges for the supply transaction of goods/services with other enterprises.
separable
cost:
A cost that a company can directly assign to a particular segment of the
business.
Service:
The defined,
regular pattern of calls made by a carrier in the pick up and discharge of
cargo.
Service Contract:
A
contract between a shipper and an ocean carrier or conference, in which the
shipper makes a commitment to provide a minimum quantity of cargo over a fixed
time period. The ocean carrier or conference also commits to a rate or rate
schedule as well as a defined service level, such as space, transit item, port
rotation, or other features.
Service Levels:
A set
standard of operating procedures and outcomes as agreed upon by one or more
enterprises involved in a transaction.
Service Provider:
An
enterprise that offers and supplies goods or services.
Service Request:
A
description of a specific service provided as an interface between layers (for
example: transfer data).
Service Response:
A
description of the response to a specific service request that reports the
success or failure of the request.
setup
costs:
The costs a manufacturer incurs in staging the production line to produce
a different item.
ship
agent:
A liner company or tramp ship operator representative who facilitates
ship arrival, clearance, loading and unloading, and fee payment while at a
specific port.
ship
broker:
A firm that serves as a go-between for the tramp ship owner and the
chartering consignor or consignee.
Shipment:
A shipment is a
user-defined unit containing goods (single or multiple units) and requires
transportation from one location to another. A shipment becomes a shipment when
it leaves the consignor's location. A shipment is complete when it arrives at
the consignee's destination.
Shipment Available Date:
The date the shipment will be available for transportation.
Shipment
Gross Weight Qualifier:
A weight qualifier for the estimated gross weight of
LCL and/or FCL for a booking.
Shipment
Identification:
A free-text field that serves as a shipment identifier to
uniquely identify a shipment to the user. This shipment ID is supplied by the
user and allows loads to be consolidated into shipments.
Shipment
Point :
A specific location from where goods will depart for
movement.
Shipper:
An enterprise
that fulfills the request for goods or services.
shipper's
agent:
A firm that primarily matches up small shipments, especially
single-traffic piggyback loads, to permit shippers to use twin-trailer piggyback
rates.
shippers
association:
A nonprofit, cooperative consolidator and distributor of
shipments that member firms own or ship; acts in much the same way as a
for-profit freight forwarder.
Shipping Instructions:
A
document detailing the cargo and the requirements of its physical movement.
Shipping Point:
See Shipment Point.
short
ton:
2,000 pounds.
short-haul
discrimination:
Charging more for a shorter haul than for a longer haul
over the same route, in the same direction, and for the same
commodity.
simulation:
A computer model that represents a real-life logistics
operation with mathematical symbols and runs it for a simulated length of time
to determine how proposed changes will affect the operation.
SKU:
See Stock Keeping Unit.
sleeper
team:
Two drivers who operate a truck equipped with a sleeper berth; while one
driver sleeps in the berth to accumulate mandatory off-duty time, the other
driver operates the vehicle.
slip seat
operation:
A motor carrier relay terminal operation in which a carrier substitutes
one driver for another who has accumulated the maximum driving time
hours.
slip
sheet:
Similar to a pallet, the slip sheet, which is made of cardboard or
plastic, is used to facilitate movement of unitized loads.
slurry:
Dry commodities that are made into a liquid form by the
addition of water or other fluids to permit movement by pipeline.
Society of
Logistics Engineers:
A professional association engaged in the advancement of
logistics technology and management.
software:
A computer term that describes the system design and
programming that the computer's effective use requires.
Source:
A specific
location or enterprise from where goods will be obtained.
Space and
Equipment Reservation:
A business transaction between two enterprises to arrange
for services to facilitate the movement of goods via a carrier.
Space Request
(Space and Equipment Request):
A business transaction
between two enterprises. An enterprise that has goods to be moved will contact
an entity that provides transport services to request space and equipment for an
upcoming shipment. The request serves as the first action to launch a set of
negotiations between the two enterprises.
Special
Customs Invoice:
In addition to a commercial invoice, some countries require
a special customs invoice designed to facilitate the clearance of goods and the
assessment of customs duties in that country.
special-commodities carrier:
A common carrier trucking company that has
authority to haul a special commodity; the sixteen special commodities include
household goods, petroleum products, and hazardous materials.
special-commodity warehouses:
A warehouse that is used to store products
requiring unique facilities, such as grain (elevator), liquid (tank), and
tobacco (barn).
Specific Duty:
See Duty.
spot:
To move a trailer or boxcar into place for loading or
unloading.
spur
track:
A railroad track that connects a company's plant or warehouse with the
railroad's track; the user bears the cost of the spur track and its
maintenance.
staff
functions:
The planning and analysis support activities a firm provides to assist
line managers with daily operations. Logistics staff functions include location
analysis, system design, cost analysis, and planning.
Stage:
The act of locating
goods at a specific location to prepare for movement.
statistical
process control (SPC):
A managerial control technique that examines a process's
inherent variability.
Status:
Information
concerning the state or location of a defined item.
Steamship Conference:
A
voluntary, collective, rate-making body representing member steamship lines.
Steamship Line:
A company
that owns and/or operates vessels in maritime trade.
STL:
Standard Two Letter (code designation for
airlines).
Stocking
Keeping Unit (SKU):
A method of identifying a product without using
a full description.
stockless
purchasing:
A practice whereby the buyer negotiates a purchase price
for annual requirements of MRO items and the seller holds inventory until the
buyer orders individual items.
stockout:
A situation in which the items a customer orders are
currently unavailable.
stockout
cost:
The opportunity cost that companies associate with not having supply
sufficient to meet demand.
stores:
The function associated with storing and issuing frequently
used items.
strategic
planning:
Looking one to five years into the future and designing a logistical
system (or systems) to meet the needs of the
various businesses in which a company is involved.
strategic
variables:
The variables that effect change in the environment and logistics
strategy. The major strategic variables include the economy, population, energy,
and government.
strategy:
A specific action to achieve an objective.
stretch-wrap:
An elastic, thin plastic material that effectively adheres
to itself, thereby containing product on a pallet when wrapped around the
items.
Stripping:
The unloading
of cargo from a container or other piece of equipment. See Devanning.
Subsidy:
The economic
benefit granted by a government to producers of goods or services often to
strengthen their competitive position.
substitutability:
A buyer's ability to substitute different sellers'
products.
supplemental
carrier:
A for-hire air carrier having no time schedule or designated route; the
carrier provides service under a charter or contract per plane per
trip.
Supply Chain
Management:
The integration of the supplier, distributor,
and customer logistics requirements into one cohesive process to include demand
planning, forecasting, materials requisition, order processing, inventory
allocation, order fulfillment, transportation services, receiving, invoicing,
and payment.
Supply Chain(s):
A group
of physical entities such as manufacturing plants, distribution centers,
conveyances, retail outlets, people and information which are linked together
through processes (such as procurement or logistics) in an integrated fashion,
to supply goods or services from source through consumption.
supply
warehouse:
A warehouse that stores raw materials; a company mixes goods from
different suppliers at the warehouse and assembles plant orders.
surcharge:
An add-on charge to the applicable charges; motor carriers
have a fuel surcharge, and railroads can apply a surcharge to any joint rate
that does not yield 110 percent of variable cost.
switch
engine:
A railroad engine that is used to move railcars short distances within a
terminal and plant.
switching
company:
A railroad that moves railcars short distances; switching companies
connect two mainline railroads to facilitate through movement of
shipments.
system:
A set of interacting elements, variable, parts, or objects
that are functionally related to each other and form a coherent
group.
systems
concept:
A decision-making strategy that emphasizes overall system efficiency
rather than the efficiency of each part.
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Logistic terms
